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???? ?????? (Gini coefficient) ?????? ???? ???????? (Gini index) ?????? ???? ??????? (Gini ratio) ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????.[1][2] ???????????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????????. ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? (0)-???????? ??????????? (1)-?????? ???????????? ?????????. 0 ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????. 1 ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????.[3]
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[????]- ↑ Gini, C. (1912). "??????????: Variabilità e mutabilità" 'Variability and Mutability', C. Cuppini, Bologna, 156 pages. Reprinted in Memorie di metodologica statistica (Ed. Pizetti E, Salvemini, T). Rome: Libreria Eredi Virgilio Veschi (1955).
- ↑ Gini, C. (1909). "Concentration and dependency ratios" (in Italian). English translation in Rivista di Politica Economica, 87 (1997), 769–789.
- ↑ Note: Gini coefficient becomes 1, only in a large population where one person has all the income. In the special case of just two people, where one has no income and the other has all the income, the Gini coefficient is 0.5. For 5 people set, where 4 have no income and the fifth has all the income, the Gini coefficient is 0.8. See: FAO, United Nations – Inequality Analysis, The Gini Index Module ????????????? 2025-08-05 at the ??????? ????????? (PDF format), fao.org.